Tag Archives: Linguistics

Quenya Basic Verbs Table

action-verbsPlain, simple, easy to see, easy to get, here is a basic table with 24 Quenya verbs (just a small amount) showing you all we had discussed in the last 2 previous posts. This may look a little daunting, mainly if you only speak English, but with practice, practice and practice, you’ll get used with it pretty quickly. (unless you don’t like languages or have little skill with them)

I brought some essential verbs like “to love”, “to speak”, “to see” as well as some “twin verbs” like melë/merë, tulë/turë & hanya/harya. It’s good to compare them. Also, pay attention to the verbs that are alike. (fir-, hir-, lir-) They show you how that particular kind of verb behaves when it comes to irregular forms. For instance, the verb tirë (to watch) is not on this list, but all tools are given here for you to conjugate it with some amount certainty.

Behold where verbs are irregular (that’s important) and draw your own conclusions about the irregularities. Interesting to say is: they make sense! Father Tolkien is definitely a hell of a genius!

By the way….all irregular forms are written in bold. Click on the image to enlarge it and check’em out:

Verbs

By

About these ads

Leave a Comment

Filed under Elvish, English, Guide, Linguistics, Quenya

Quenya words ∈ world languages

Cesar Rojas

César Rojas Bravo!

Did you read the name above? Fine…now we can start our post!

Well, he’s the guy who brought the compilation you’re about to see to life! It’s a hell of an idea, and very interesting for the ones who love Quenya and languages in general (me….guilty :D ). Read below and you’ll see that there is more in Quenya than meets the eye!

Hasn’t it ever happened to you, that when you come upon certain Quenya words, you realize the same word exists in your language, or in a language you are familiar with?
Map-Hispanophone_World
It has happened several times to me, so I decided to take Helge Fauskanger’s Quenya-English Wordlist and go word by word to find out which words have a meaning (not necessarily the same one, mostly not) in languages I am familiar with.
800px-Map-Lusophone_World-en
I found many words existing mostly in Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Catalan and Latin, languages I have some knowledge of. Thanks to Milla Leskinen, who helped me by identifying  words in Quenya that exist in Finnish, to Celebrinthal for identifying words in Polish, Japanese and German, among others, to Metaflora for Hungarian words, to Emma Flacking, for Swedish and Norwegian, to John Karpo for Greek and to Kastytis Zubovas for Lithuanian.
800px-DeutschsprachigeWelt
J. R. R. Tolkien knew Finnish and Latin, so Quenya words existing in these languages probably are not coincidences, whether they have the same meaning or not, but most likely, Professor Tolkien wasn’t aware of all the word coincidences we have found. I have not included the matches with the English language, since no doubt Tolkien knew if this Quenya word existed in English. Occasionally I used a dictionary to double-check the word’s definitions.
Map_Italophone_World_-_updated
I first list the words in Quenya, followed by language and the meaning it has in it. I hope you enjoy it, and of course, if you read Helge’s wordlist and find words in languages not listed here, or words missing, or any corrections you would like to make, please contact me!
726px-Finnish_language_map,_large_areas
Finally, towards the end of the writing of this entry, I found an essay called “Similarities between natural languages and Tolkien’s Eldarin”, by Roman Rausch, in which you can find, among many other interesting things, a list of matches between Noldorin/Sindarin and Welsh and Irish, and a list of matches in other languages, but in which the meanings are very similar or at least related.
Is that it? NO….there’s much more! There’s the whole long list yet! Check for yourselves there, at his site, where the quote was taken from. HERE!
See? And yet once in a while, I still hear people say that Quenya is not real, it’s a fake language…..oh boy…..

By

2 Comments

Filed under Countries, Elvish, Finnish, Geography, German, Guide, Italian, Latin, Linguistics, Portuguese, Quenya, Spanish, Tolkien

The Qenya Alphabet (by J.R.R.Tolkien)

Well, that image you see above is not a common image. It was done, written in ink by the very hand that once told us about a certain hobbit that lived in a hole in the ground.

Actually this image dates before we met that particular hobbit and the relevance and importance of that image is way beyond one could imagine at first glimpse.

What you see here is the 11th document contained in and cover of the Parma Eldalamberon XX, one of the most renowned linguistic journals containing unpublished (yes, UNPUBLISHED) material and documents from Tolkien himself related to his languages and their development.

Do I need to say more how outstanding that image is, and surely the Parma Eldalamberon too? Let me show you in case words don’t tell exactly what I mean:

This is the fruit of your donations! Through them, Quenya101 has this material available. I’ll study it deeply (what a pleasure that will bring me…I already foresee) AND, I’ll share all the knowledge provided by this Tolkien documents with the….

Quenya101 1st class students!

It has come the time to start out exclusive classes! But that’s not all! One may wonder that the analysis of Tolkien’s 1930s documents is way too “advanced”. Perhaps Quenya101 students would fare better with some basic material in order to learn Quenya. OH, they will! We’re gonna have two sets of material in our class! Basic and advanced.  Everyone will enjoy the class in one’s own level!

By the way, Ondo is the main developer of this idea (I can’t forget to mention Erutulco too who gave an insightful feedback about the Elvish School Project) and we’re gonna work together to provide the basic material with clear cut explanations of Quenya grammar, examples, mini dialogues and exercises! After all, practice makes perfection!

If you are a die-hard Tolkien fan, you MUST buy this precious set of documents. Check here!

So,…

All students enrolled in 1st Class will receive an email with further instructions, passwords and more details! If you’re not already enrolled, you can still do it! Of course, as the other students helped, it’s only fair that one contributes with one’s share. In essence, you help me to help you!

PS:  The email with the details and further info has already been sent to the recipients. Check the email you used as your Paypal address. It’s there!

Click below and be part of the 1st Elvish Class:

1st Class is ON!

By

1 Comment

Filed under Elvish, Linguistics, News, Quenya, Tengwar, Tolkien

Pendi & Elloi

This is the last chapter of the trilogy (Quendi & Eldar / Pin & Edhil) and for sure the first post with a title in Telerin! If Sindarin is the grey cousin of Quenya, Telerin perhaps is the little nephew. Sometimes it’s mistakenly taken as a dialect, but don’t be hasty to judge this way. A Teler would fiercely defend its “language” status, even though to be honest….the Teleri cared very little about linguistics! That’s a work they left for the Noldor.

So, as before, the source of the material exposed here is the Volume XI of The History of Middle-Earth – The War of the Jewels pages 372 ff. Below, you’ll find the Telerin words that specified their own identity and the elves’ as a race among others. When compared with the equivalents in Quenya and Sindarin, one may grasp how deep Tolkien went when creating his languages and the culture that surrounded them! Outstanding, huh?

Telerin

Pendi = the singular form is Pen. Pendi corresponds to the Quenya word “Quendi”. In Telerin the kw sound was shifted to p. Bottom line is: the singular form resembles the Sindarin singular and the plural form resembles the Quenya plural. It’s all in the family! The word “pendi” (meaning simply “elves”) was rarely used by the Telerin, since they felt themselves to be a complete separate people from the others (i.e. Vanyar & Noldor). The feeling arise since the Separation and increased on the March in Beleriand, therefore, they didn’t feel the need for a general word such as pendi to embrace all Elves UNTIL they came in contact with non-Elvish incarnates. Pendi survived as a learned word of the historians in reference to the days before the Separation.

 

Calapendi = the singular form is Calapen. Calapendi is the Telerin form for Calaquendi in Quenya. Once again, this word survived only in historical use, but as the Teleri of Aman were more aware of their origin and kinship to the other elves, “calapendi” had the same meaning as its Quenya counterpart, referring to all the elves of Aman who saw the light of Valinor.

Moripendi = the singular form is Moripen. Moripendi, as the form suggest, is strongly related to Moriquendi in Quenya, but the Teleri of Aman used the term to refer only to the other elves who didn’t see the light of Valinor. Elves of Telerin origin were never referred as Moripendi, even though they lived in Beleriand and had not reached Aman.

Elloi = the singular form is Ello. Ello corresponds to the Quenya “Elda”. In Telerin there was also a concurrent form Ella but the -o suffix was preferred and used generally. Ella remained in quasi-adjectival functions such as Ellālie (Q. Eldalië). Ello was applied to all Elves who started the March from Cuiviénen (and their descendants too), independently  if they reached Aman or not. The Teleri of Aman were called by themselves Audelli (sing. Audel) meaning “the ones who departed Beleriand) while the Teleri of Beleriand were called Hecelloi (sing. Hecello) meaning “the ones left in Beleriand”.

 

This is it! We finished our trilogy and insight of the elvish culture, how they saw themselves as a race, a group, a family and a clan.

As you can see now…it’s WAY deeper than purely “Elvish” as people naïvely think. Tolkien is NOT that kind of simplistic author! I guarantee you that!

 

By

1 Comment

Filed under Elvish, History, Inside Middle-Earth, Linguistics, Quenya, Sindarin, Telerin, Tolkien

The Language Construction Kit

This is an exercise for all Tolkien wanna-be’s. Ok…that’s too much as a long shot, like trying to reach Tolkien’s level. He was such a genius in his creation. Too hard to accomplish it. Who could compare anything to what he did?

There’s a book that I bought this week called “The Language Construction Kit” and it might help a little bit if you wanna put your creative juices flowing. Interesting reading with lots and lots of tips about the basics of how to BUILD a language. The verb “to build” is commonly associated with bricks, mortar, wood, houses, buildings….not with a language! But that’s the trick in this book! Build your own language with some “architectural” tips and with some effort you’ll be able to get a decent result and who knows…writing your own mythological book creating a whole universe from scratch.

Create plausible and realistic languages for RPGs, fantasy and science fiction, movies or video games, or international communication… or just learn about how languages work from an unusual, light-hearted perspective. The Language Construction Kit on zompist.com has helped a generation of conlangers to understand and create languages. It’s expanded here with coverage of semantics and pragmatics, language families, writing systems, and sample wordlists, as well as an annotated sample grammar. Revised edition.

A few steps taken from the book:

  • Decide on the sounds of the language
  • Create the lexicon
  • Create the grammar
  • Design an alphabet
  • Decide how the alphabet is modified for cursive handwriting
  • Translate the desired text

But this is just the surface! If you love languages, why don’t you try this kind of challenge? Maybe a vacation project this summer or the like. This is just a tip and encouragement I’d like to share with all of you. Good stuff should always be spread!

By

2 Comments

Filed under Linguistics, Tolkien

Tengwar Welsh Mode

This post is dedicated for all people from UK that have recently joined the ranks here in Quenya101. (Also it suits as an expansion of this) Averyrobertson from UK, asked me today about Tengwar Welsh Mode and I thought he really deserved a decent answer so, I prepared some research for him.

Smaug....is that you?

It’s not like I know Welsh, (so I won’t be able to tell you if this is particularly accurate in its rendition) but it’s a start to get to know it better, huh? Anyway, if you have some knowledge about Welsh phonology & Tengwar writing and something presented here doesn’t seem to be quite good, please do share your views! Here are the basic things about Tengwar Welsh Mode:

Allegedly Tengwar alphabet is well built for Welsh and follows the same patterns of Sindarin Mode. The resemblance lies on the fact that Sindarin was based in Welsh anyway.

Notes

  • The vowel diacritics (tehtar) are written over, or below, the consonant which follows them. If vowels appear on their own or at the end of a word, the diacritics are written over the vowel carrier (as above). The diphthongs are always written as above.
  • Consonants are doubled by adding a wavy line below them.
  • A dot above a letter is used to represent both i and final y, while a dot below a letter represents the non-final y. For example, ysbyty (hospital) is written:ysbyty (hospital) in Tengwar
  • When s comes at the end of a word it’s written with a small curled line: The Welsh word ynys (island) in Tengwar = ynys (island).
  • When a tehtar appears above an s, the s is written thus: The Welsh word urddas (dignity) in Tengwar = urddas (dignity).

Transliteration
Genir pawb yn rhydd ac yn gydradd â'i gilydd mewn urddas a hawliau. Fe'u cynysgaeddir â rheswm a chydwybod, a dylai pawb ymddwyn y naill at y llall mewn ysbryd cymodlon.
Translation
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Tengwar Welsh Mode devised by Simon Ager

Source: http://omniglot.com/writing/tengwar_welsh.htm

By

4 Comments

Filed under Countries, Elvish, Linguistics, Tengwar